光皮桦优树及苗木选择的Fuzzy综合评判分级

毕节分布有结实良好、干形通直圆满、抗寒能力强的成片光皮桦林分,可为贵州光皮桦人工造林提供优质种子.因此在毕节采用“五株优势木对比法”,开展了光皮桦优树选择,并应用Fuzzy线性加权变换模型,对桦木优树及苗木进行分级评定,评选出形质特征表现为优的优树3株,具有良好表现的优树22株,一般表现的14株;Ⅰ级桦木苗1个,Ⅱ级桦木苗19个,Ⅲ级苗21个.     

蛋鸡场清粪技术效能的层次分析法评价

蛋鸡场采用的清粪技术包括人工清粪、刮粪板清粪、传送带清粪等.本文通过现场调研不同地区不同规模的蛋鸡养殖场清粪技术,构建了层次分析法模型,从技术成熟度、技术应用效果、技术经济评价等方面对蛋鸡场清粪技术进行了效能评价.结果表明,蛋鸡场采用人工清粪、刮粪板清粪和传送带清粪技术效能得分分别为77.72、85.83和87.36,传送带清粪和刮粪板清粪技术的效能得分均显著高于人工清粪技术(P＜0.05),传送带清粪技术效能与刮粪板清粪技术间无显著差异(P＞0.05);随着蛋鸡存栏数的增加,传送带清粪技术的效能值增加,但不同规模未显著影响传送带清粪技术效能(P＞0.05);年存栏20万～50万只商品蛋鸡的蛋鸡场,采用刮粪板清粪、传送带清粪和人工清粪技术时效能值分别为85.83、84.00和77.72,3种清粪技术间差异不显著(P＞0.05).本研究可为不同规模和不同区域的蛋鸡场选用清粪技术时提供参考.     

Pathogen Analysis of Goat's Respiratory Diseases

To investigate the pathogens of goat's respiratory disease from a goat farm in Guangxi province, the epidemiological investigation, clinic observation, pathological examination, bacterium isolation and identification, biochemical test, PCR and animal experiment test were conducted.The preventive and control measures were taken on the basis of pathogen epidemiological characteristics and drug sensitive test results.The results showed that Mycoplasma, influenza virus and parasite were negative by isolation and culture or PCR, however, two strains of gram-negative bacteria named MS1 and MS2 were isolated from lung.MS1 was identified as Serratia marcescens by biochemical test and 16S rRNA sequencing, which shared 99% nucleotide homology with other Serratia marcescens in GenBank.And MS2 was identified as E.coil by the same methods that shared 99% nucleotide homology with other E.coli in GenBank.Animal experiment showed that two strains could cause death in mice.The drug sensitive tests showed two strains were highly sensitive to spectinomycin, amikacin, kanamicin and neomycin.Kanamycin and dexamethasone were used to treat the sick goats, and achieved good results.     

玉米胚芽综合利用研究进展

我国是世界上第二大玉米生产国,播种面积和总产量均占世界玉米播种面积和总产量的15%以上。玉米胚芽是酒精工业、玉米淀粉工业的副产物,其主要成分是脂肪和蛋白质,脂肪含量高达55%左右,蛋白质和灰分含量次于脂肪,因此对玉米胚芽进行综合利用意义重大。     

控释氮肥对玉米秸秆腐解及潮土有机碳组分的影响

施肥影响秸秆还田效果,研究不同形态氮肥对秸秆腐解及土壤有机碳组分的影响可为秸秆还田下氮肥合理施用提供科学依据。以10年小麦-玉米轮作定位施肥试验为基础,采用尼龙网袋田间填埋法,研究了控释掺混尿素和普通尿素不同用量(纯氮120,240,360 kg/hm~2)对潮土中玉米秸秆腐解及土壤有机碳组分的影响。结果表明:与普通尿素相比,控释掺混尿素具有促进秸秆腐解的趋势;在秸秆腐解后期,控释掺混尿素处理较普通尿素显著促进了秸秆氮、磷的释放,而不同氮肥处理对秸秆中钾素的释放影响并不显著。在秸秆腐解后期,相同施氮量条件下,常规施氮量和增施氮量的控释掺混尿素处理较普通尿素显著增加土壤水溶性和热水溶性有机碳含量。在增加土壤微生物量碳、氮含量方面,在秸秆腐解的某些阶段控释掺混尿素处理的促进作用显著高于普通尿素处理。综合来看,与普通尿素相比,控释掺混尿素在秸秆腐解和增加土壤有机碳组分方面具有较好的促进作用。     

Infections Investigation of ALV and REV in Guangxi Local Poultry Breeds and Sequence Analysis of gp85 Gene of ALV Isolates

In order to investigate the infection status of avian leukosis virus (ALV) and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) in the major local breeds of Qinzhou,Guangxi,totally 953 samples of egg white,cloaca swab and serum of Ma duck,Shitou goose,Tiejiao-Ma chicken,turkey and pigeon were collected from the representing flocks and detected by the commercial ELISA kits.ALV was isolated for the ALV p27 positive samples by culturing on DF-1 cells,and gp85 gene was sequenced.The results showed that the detections of ALV were negative in the samples except those of Tiejiao-Ma chicken,while REV antibody was found positive in Ma duck,Tiejiao-Ma chicken and turkey.The nucleotide sequences of gp85 gene of two isolates shared 94.5% identity with each other,and shared 86.9% to 94.9% with reference strains.The amino acid sequences of gp85 gene of two isolates shared 91.5% identity with each other,and shared 84.0% to 91.6% with reference strains.There were many variable sites in the hyper variable region hr1 and hr2,and the vr2 and vr3 variable regions were relatively conservative.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the two isolates shared the highest homology with SCAU11-XG strain.     

激光在土地保护、农作物生长及害虫防治领域应用研究进展

由于激光具有功率高、相干性好、光谱线宽窄、光谱范围广等特点,其在土地保护、农作物生长及害虫防治等领域应用广泛.文章综合国内外激光技术在农业领域的应用情况,介绍了已经获得应用的激光诱导击穿光谱仪、激光测距仪、激光雷达系统、激光补光灯等设备在土壤检测、土地平整、激光诱变育种、植物补光和虫害防治等领域发挥的作用,对激光技术对农业领域的推动作用,特别是激光技术在吉林省农业应用方面的情况进行了展望.     

覆盖紫花苜蓿对采煤沉陷区植物生长和土壤化学生物性状的影响

以神东矿区采煤沉陷地种植的复垦植物(野樱桃、文冠果、欧李和山杏)为试材,采用野外原位监测方法,研究覆盖紫花苜蓿和未覆盖处理(对照,CK)对植物生长及土壤化学和生物性状的影响。结果表明:覆盖紫花苜蓿处理的野樱桃、文冠果、欧李和山杏苗木地上部干质量比未覆盖处理显著增加31.7%~54.6%,根干质量增加25.6%~41.0%;同样地,植物成活率和叶色值分别增加到85%和32.0以上,显著高于对照;覆盖处理的土壤碱解氮、有机质、速效磷、速效钾含量增幅较对照分别达到12.5%~17.9%、14.0%~17.8%、14.0%~23.2%、13.6%~28.4%,差异显著;土壤酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和硝酸还原酶活性分别比对照显著提高36.4%~41.6%、21.8%~51.2%、33.6%~44.7%、20.5%~39.9%。因此,覆盖紫花苜蓿有利于改善神东采煤沉陷区复垦植物生长、提高土壤化学和生物学性状水平,为矿区生态恢复提供依据。     

42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的防效

[目的]探讨42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的田间防治效果。[方法]以10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂为对照药剂,采用小区试验研究42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的防治效果。[结果]42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂在剂量为150.0~225.0 g a.i./hm2时,对番茄叶霉病的防治效果为83.37%~91.63%,与10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂120.0g a.i./hm~2对番茄叶霉病的防治效果无显著差异,但显著高于70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂562.5 g a.i./hm~2的防治效果。[结论]42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂可广泛用于番茄叶霉病的防治。